Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine

Heasoo Koo

12 Articles

Type and Incidence of Soft Tissue Sarcomas in Korea: 2001-2007.: Kyung Un Choi, Hae Youn Kang, Heasoo Koo, Mi Seon Kwon, Dong Hoon Kim, Mi Jung Kim, Su Jin Kim, Young Sill Kim, Chul Hwan Kim, Yong Koo Park, Hye Rim Park, Seung Sam Paik, Jin Young Yoo, Anhi Lee, Jae Hyuk Lee, Hyekyung Lee, Kyu Yun Jang, Young Chae Chu, Joon Hyuk Choi; Korean J Pathol. 2011;45(6):557-563.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2011.45.6.557

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BACKGROUND
The Korean Bone and Soft Tissue Pathology Study Group of the Korean Society of Pathologists conducted a nationwide retrospective analysis of soft tissue sarcoma (STS) to provide the clinicopathologic characteristics of STS within the population of the Republic of Korea.
METHODS
The cases of STS were collected during a 7-year period (2001-2007) from 19 institutes in Korea. All cases were classified according to the histologic criteria proposed by the World Health Organization. Clinicopathologic data were reviewed.
RESULTS
Data from 722 patients (median age, 50 years) were collected. Data showed a slight male predominance. The most frequent types of STS in decreasing order were liposarcoma, malignant fibrous histiocytoma, leiomyosarcoma, and synovial sarcoma. STS occurred throughout the body, although approximately half (47.8%) were located in the extremities. The majority of STS was histologically classified as high grade with a large tumor size (>5 cm). The overall survival rate for the patients was 76.3% (median follow-up time, 26 months; range, 1 to 89 months). Histologic grade, tumor size, American Joint Committee on Cancer stage, tumor site, and resection status were prognostic. Significant independent adverse prognostic factors were large tumor size (>5 cm) and tumor site other than extremities.
CONCLUSIONS
We reported the distribution and characteristics of STS in the Republic of Korea.

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Distribution and survival of primary sarcoma in Korea: A single center analysis of 2017 cases
Sung Jun Jo, Kyeong Sik Kim, Kyo Won Lee, Jae Berm Park, Yoon-La Choi, Jeong Il Yu, Su Jin Lee, Dong Il Choi, Sung Joo Kim
Korean Journal of Clinical Oncology.2018; 14(1): 30. CrossRef

Significance of Foxp3 Positive Regulatory T Cell and Tumor Infiltrating T Lymphocyte in Triple Negative Breast Cancer.: Hanna Kang, Harin Cheong, Min Sun Cho, Heasoo Koo, Woon Sup Han, Kyung Eun Lee, Byung In Moon, Sun Hee Sung; Korean J Pathol. 2011;45(1):53-61.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2011.45.1.53

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Abstract PDF

BACKGROUND
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is defined as a lack of the expression of estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 in breast cancer. Many TNBCs show a profound infiltration of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). It is still uncertain whether these TILs are protumoral or antitumoral. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play a role in inducing immune tolerance to antigens, and they may be selectively recruited by cancer cells. This study was conducted to evaluate the significance of TILs with an emphasis on forkhead box p3 (Foxp3), which is a marker for CD25+CD4+ Treg in TNBC.
METHODS
We investigated the Foxp3, CD8 and CD4 expressions in 100 cases of TNBC by immunohistochemistry and using a tissue microarray. The Foxp3 expression was divided as the high and low infiltration groups (cut-off value=20).
RESULTS
The high infiltration group was correlated with higher histologic and nuclear grades. However, Foxp3+ Tregs were decreased in the T3 and T4 TNBCs as compared to that of the T1 and T2 TNBCs. No significant differences were found for the nodal status, lymphovascular invasion, stage, recurrence and overall survival.
CONCLUSIONS
High Foxp3+ Treg infiltration in TNBC is correlated with the nuclear and histologic grades, but there was no relation to recurrence and overall survival.

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Predictive Value of Tertiary Lymphoid Structures Assessed by High Endothelial Venule Counts in the Neoadjuvant Setting of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
In Hye Song, Sun-Hee Heo, Won Seon Bang, Hye Seon Park, In Ah Park, Young-Ae Kim, Suk Young Park, Jin Roh, Gyungyub Gong, Hee Jin Lee
Cancer Research and Treatment.2017; 49(2): 399. CrossRef
Zonal Difference and Prognostic Significance of Foxp3 Regulatory T Cell Infiltration in Breast Cancer
Sewha Kim, Anbok Lee, Woosung Lim, Sanghui Park, Min Sun Cho, Heasoo Koo, Byung-In Moon, Sun Hee Sung
Journal of Breast Cancer.2014; 17(1): 8. CrossRef

Myofibrillar Myopathy: A Case Report.: Jee Young Kim, Eun Hae Jeong, Kee Duk Park, Heasoo Koo; Korean J Pathol. 2010;44(4):426-430.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2010.44.4.426

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Abstract PDF

Myofibrillar myopathies (MFMs) are a genetically or clinically heterogeneous group of diseases that are characterized by focal myofibrillar dissolution associated with accumulation of myofibrillar degradation products and ectopic expression of multiple proteins. Since MFMs show morphologically distinct features but consist of genetically and clinically heterogeneous diseases, muscle biopsy is important for the diagnosis. A 20-year-old man complained of progressive weakness and atrophy of both legs for two years. He had a dysmorphic face and short stature. The light microscopic examination of his muscle biopsy showed mixed myopathic and neurogenic changes. Many myofibers with multiple clusters of blue red rod-like structures and cytoplasmic inclusions were noted. Immunohistochemistry showed a focal positive reaction in sarcoplasm to desmin and myotilin antibodies. An electron microscope study revealed variable abnormalities of myofibrillar structures. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of MFM with pathology findings in Korea.

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A case of myofibrillary myopathy due to Bcl2-Associated Athanogene 3 (BAG3) mutation complicated by peripheral neuropathy
Risa Nagatomo, Yujiro Higuchi, Jun Takei, Tomonori Nakamura, Hiroaki Hashiguchi, Hiroshi Takashima
Rinsho Shinkeigaku.2023; 63(12): 836. CrossRef

Microvessel and Lymphatic Vessel Density and VEGFR-3 Expression of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma with Comparative Analysis of Clinicopathological Characteristics.: Harin Cheong, Hanna Kang, Hyung Kyung Kim, Ji Yoon Bae, Dong Eun Song, Min Sun Cho, Sun Hee Sung, Woon Sup Han, Heasoo Koo; Korean J Pathol. 2010;44(3):243-251.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2010.44.3.243

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Abstract PDF

BACKGROUND
This study was done to see if there were correlations between anatomic and molecular parameters such as microvessel density (MVD), lymphatic vessel density (LVD), and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR)-3 expression and various clinical parameters for papillary thyroid carcinomas of size > 1.0 cm (PTCs) and size < or = 1.0 cm (papillary thyroid microcarcinomas, PTMCs). PTMCs were divided into two subgroups (0-5 mm and 6-10 mm).
METHODS
We analyzed 197 thyroid carcinomas including 113 PTCs and 84 PTMCs. Tissue samples form 30 patients from each group matched for clinical characteristics were selected for immunostaining.
RESULTS
Although PTCs and PTMCs showed significant differences in clinical characteristics, they did not show significant difference in MVD, LVD, or VEGFR-3 expression. There was a significantly higher LVD in the PTMC subgroup with the larger tumors but no difference in clinical characteristics. LVD was higher in patients > 45 years old (more apparent in the PTC group) and LVD had suggestive correlations with multicentricity and extrathyroidal extension depending on analytic conditions.
CONCLUSIONS
Since LVD showed variable correlations with clinical variables for papillary carcinoma of the thyroid depending on analytic conditions, the individually planned treatments based on overall clinicopathological factors are advised.

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Freeze-dried bovine amniotic membrane as a cell delivery scaffold in a porcine model of radiation-induced chronic wounds
Daemyung Oh, Daegu Son, Jinhee Kim, Sun-Young Kwon
Archives of Plastic Surgery.2021; 48(4): 448. CrossRef
Polydeoxyribonucleotide Improves Peripheral Tissue Oxygenation and Accelerates Angiogenesis in Diabetic Foot Ulcers
Seoyoung Kim, Junhyung Kim, Jaehoon Choi, Woonhyeok Jeong, Sunyoung Kwon
Archives of Plastic Surgery.2017; 44(06): 482. CrossRef

Frequency of Intrahepatic FoxP3+ Regulatory T cells during the Natural Course of Chronic Hepatitis B: An Immunohistochemical Study Using Needle-Biopsied Liver Tissue.: Ji Yoon Bae, Hyung Kyung Kim, Hanna Kang, Ha Rin Cheong, Dong Eun Song, Sun Hee Sung, Heasoo Koo, Woon Sup Han, Jeong Kyong Lee, Tae Hun Kim, Kyu Won Chung, Min Sun Cho; Korean J Pathol. 2010;44(2):132-140.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2010.44.2.132

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Abstract PDF

BACKGROUND
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) may contribute to the immunological hyporesponsiveness against hepatitis B virus (HBV), and this can result in chronic infection. Tregs suppress the T cell responses directed against HBV and they protect hepatocytes by down-regulating the immune responses that cause liver damage, but the role of Tregs has not been well characterized.
METHODS
Fifty four patients were selected and classified into three groups (12 were in the immune-tolerance phase, 35 were in the immune-clearance phase and 7 were in the asymptomatic virus carrier phase). We examined the frequency of CD3+, CD4+ & CD8+ T cells and forkhead box P3 (FoxP3)+ Tregs in the needle-biopsied liver tissue by performing immunohistochemistry.
RESULTS
The FoxP3+ Tregs were mainly located at the portal tracts. In the immune-clearance phase, the frequency of FoxP3+ Tregs was significantly increased compared to that of the immune-tolerance group and the asymptomatic carrier group. Increased FoxP3+ T cells were observed in the patients with a higher histologic inflammatory index. No correlation was observed among the numbers of FoxP3+ Tregs, the serum alanine aminotransferase level, detection of HBeAg and the HBV-DNA viral load.
CONCLUSIONS
FoxP3+ Tregs may play important roles in suppressing the immune response to HBV and the complete elimination of HBV.

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Significance of Foxp3 Positive Regulatory T Cell and Tumor Infiltrating T Lymphocyte in Triple Negative Breast Cancer
Hanna Kang, Harin Cheong, Min Sun Cho, Heasoo Koo, Woon Sup Han, Kyung Eun Lee, Byung In Moon, Sun Hee Sung
The Korean Journal of Pathology.2011; 45(1): 53. CrossRef

Histopathological Evaluation of Pediatric Intestinal Pseudo-Obstruction: Quantitative Morphometric Analysis of Pathological Changes in the Enteric Nervous System.: Hyung Kyung Kim, Harin Cheong, Hanna Kang, Ji Yoon Bae, Dong Eun Song, Min Sun Cho, Sun Hee Sung, Woon Sup Han, Heasoo Koo; Korean J Pathol. 2010;44(2):162-172.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2010.44.2.162

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Abstract PDF

BACKGROUND
This study was done to obtain comprehensive data on changes in the structural components of the enteric nervous system in pediatric patients with intestinal pseudo-obstruction (IPO). We evaluated routinely processed, in formalin-fixed tissues by quantitative morphometric analysis. In addition, we used formalin-fixed tissue to explore the possibility of using previously proposed diagnostic criteria to evaluate frozen serial sections for intestinal neuronal dysplasia (IND) type B and hypoganglionosis.
METHODS
We analyzed data for 19 IPO cases. Morphometric analysis for quantification of ganglia and ganglion cells (GCs) was done for the myentric and the submucous plexus. In addition, we determined the presence of immature GCs and the distribution of nerve fibers and interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC).
RESULTS
Nine patients showed combined hypoganglionosis, IND, and decreased ICC; others showed various combinations of these. Several morphometric factors were significantly different between patient groups as well as being different than the control group.
CONCLUSIONS
Our pediatric IPO cases showed extensive overlapping of pathological findings. And the findings suggest the utility of using previously proposed morphometrically measured factors in multiple frozen sections as diagnostic criteria for IND type B and hypoganglionosis in formalin-fixed tissue.

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Histomorphology of enteric neurons and enteric ganglia in different layers of human fetal colon
Chacchu Bhattarai, Phanindra P. Poudel, Arnab Ghosh, Sneha G. Kalthur
Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences.2022; 17(4): 556. CrossRef
Diagnostic utility of Bcl-2 immunohistochemical expression in pediatric functional bowel obstruction cases with ganglionated specimens
Lobna Abd El Fattah Mohamed, Nedal Ahmed Hegazy, Faten Abd El Aziz Ghazal, Ahmed Mohy El Din Zaki, Ahmed Bassiouny Radwan, Sarah Adel Hakim
Annals of Pediatric Surgery.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
PTEN Immunohistochemistry
Simone Antunes Terra, Pedro Luiz Toledo de Arruda Lourenção,, Maria Aparecida Marchesan Rodrigues
Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine.2022; 147(5): 577. CrossRef
Challenges in the diagnosis of intestinal neuronal dysplasia type B: A look beyond the number of ganglion cells
Simone Antunes Terra, Anderson Cesar Gonçalves, Pedro Luiz Toledo de Arruda Lourenção, Maria Aparecida Marchesan Rodrigues
World Journal of Gastroenterology.2021; 27(44): 7649. CrossRef
Morphometric profile of large intestinal neuronal plexuses in normal perinatal autopsies and Hirschsprung disease
H. Subramanian, B. A. Badhe, P. C. Toi, K. Sambandan
Neurogastroenterology & Motility.2017;[Epub] CrossRef

Myopathy due to Chronic Clevudine Therapy: A Case Report.: Jee Young Kim, Young Shin Yoon, Kee Duk Park, Heasoo Koo; Korean J Pathol. 2009;43(6):575-579.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2009.43.6.575

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Abstract PDF

A 40-year-old man with chronic hepatitis B complained of progressive weakness of the proximal muscles and edema of both legs. He had been receiving long-term clevudine (nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitor, NRTI) therapy for his hepatitis. The serum creatine kinase level was increased on the laboratory tests. His electromyography showed a generalized myopathic process. The muscle biopsy showed numerous ragged-red fibers, degenerating myofibers with variable sized cytoplasmic bodies, the prominence of type 1 fibers with type 2 fiber atrophy and an endomysial mononuclear cell infiltration. The electron microscopic examination revealed necrotic myofibers, including extremely dysmorphic mitochondria with extensive loss, blunting and focal clumping of the cristae and concentric cristae. Although clevudine is known to be a less cytotoxic agent among the various NRTIs, careful clinical attention should be paid to the patients who are receiving long-term clevudine therapy for the occurrence of myopathy.

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A randomized phase 1b trial of the active site polymerase inhibitor nucleotide ATI‐2173 in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection
Katherine E. Squires, Lauren Ogilvie, Alina Jucov, Igor Anastasiy, Nelli Ghicavii, Jade Huguet, Rebeca Melara, Martin Constantineau, Abel De La Rosa, Douglas L. Mayers
Journal of Viral Hepatitis.2023; 30(1): 19. CrossRef
Active site polymerase inhibitor nucleotides (ASPINs): Potential agents for chronic HBV cure regimens
Robert G Gish, Tarik Asselah, Katherine Squires, Douglas Mayers
Antiviral Chemistry and Chemotherapy.2022; 30: 204020662211387. CrossRef
Clevudine Induced Mitochondrial Myopathy
Soo-Hyun Park, Kyung-Seok Park, Nam-Hee Kim, Joong-Yang Cho, Moon Soo Koh, Jin Ho Lee
Journal of Korean Medical Science.2017; 32(11): 1857. CrossRef
In silico elucidation of the inclusion phenomenon and permeation behavior of a zidovudine–cyclodextrin complex via static lattice atomistic simulation
Pradeep Kumar, Yahya E. Choonara, Lisa C. Toit, Viness Pillay
Journal of Inclusion Phenomena and Macrocyclic Chemistry.2014; 78(1-4): 445. CrossRef

Microscopic Colitis: The Pathologic Features of 24 Korean Patients.: Sun Ah Lee, Min Jung Kang, Sung Ae Jung, Heasoo Koo; Korean J Pathol. 2009;43(2):133-138.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2009.43.2.133

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Abstract PDF

BACKGROUND
The clinical presentation of microscopic colitis (MC) consists of chronic non-bloody watery diarrhea for weeks or months at a time, abdominal pain, and changes in bowel habits with a normal mucosal appearance upon performing colonoscopy. MC includes two relatively well established histopathologic entities: collagenous colitis (CC) and lymphocytic colitis (LC) as well as atypical forms. The recognition of the microscopic findings of this heterogeneous entity is very important for making the correct diagnosis and providing proper treatment.
METHODS
We studied the colonoscopic biopsy specimens that were obtained from 26 patients who had clinical findings that were suggestive of MC.
RESULTS
Fifteen patients (M:F=9:6) and 9 patients (M:F=5:4) showed the microscopic features of LC and MC, not otherwise specified, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
The clinicopathologic findings (the incidence of the subtypes, the patients' ages and the male/female ratio) of the 24 cases of MC in this study showed differences from the previously reported findings from other countries. Further studies with a sufficient number of patients from multi-centers would be necessary to confirm the regional or ethnic influence.

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A Case of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcal Enterocolitis with Subsequent Development of Lymphocytic Colitis
Joong Ho Bae, Dong Soo Han, Hye Sun Park, Yil Sik Hyun, Tae Yeob Kim, Chang Soo Eun, Yong Cheol Jeon, Joo Hyun Sohn
Intestinal Research.2011; 9(2): 139. CrossRef

Loss of PTEN Expression in Breast Cancers.: Sun Hee Chang, Shi Nae Lee, Min Sun Cho, Heasoo Koo, Woon Sup Han, Seock Ah Im, Byung In Moon, Hyun Suk Suh, Hye Young Choi, Sun Hee Sung; Korean J Pathol. 2005;39(4):236-241.

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Abstract PDF: Background
: PTEN, located on chromosome 10q23.31, is a novel tumor suppressor gene. In the sporadic breast cancers, the incidence of the loss of heterozygosity of PTEN is approximately 10% to 40%, but the incidence of intragenic mutation of PTEN is less than 1%. To as- sess the role of the PTEN in the invasive ductal breast cancer, we studied the frequency of the loss of PTEN expression, its correlation with the commonly used prognostic factors of the breast cancer and with PTEN promoter hypermethylation status. Methods : Immunohistochemical staining with an anti-PTEN protein antibody was performed on the paraffin-embedded breast tissues from 129 women with a diagnosis of invasive ductal carcinoma. Methylation specific PCR was performed to detect hypermethylation in the PTEN gene on the 28 cases with the loss of PTEN expression.
Results
: Sixty-two (48%) of 129 breast tumors had the loss of PTEN expression. The loss of PTEN expression was correlated with lymph node metastasis and stage, and there was a near-significant correlation with the tumor size. PTEN promoter hypermethylation was found in five (18%) out of 28 patients. Conclusion : These results suggest that the loss of PTEN expression might play a role in the progression of the breast cancer and that the aberrant promoter methylation is one of the silencing mechanisms of PTEN.

Effect of Antenatal Dexamethasone Treatment on Neuronal Morphogenesis.: Soo Jeong Yoon, Heasoo Koo, Chong Il Kim; Korean J Pathol. 2005;39(2):81-90.

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Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
Glucocorticoids (GCs) are essential for normal development and the maturation of the central nervous system. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of antenatal dexamethasone (DEXA) treatment on neuronal morphogenesis and on the glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) protein expression in neonatal rat.
METHODS
Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were injected with saline (the control), or 0.2 mg/kg/day DEXA or 0.8 mg/kg/day DEXA at 17th, 18th and 19th day of gestation. The newborn rat brains were examined at postnatal days 1 (n=75) and 10 (n=78).
RESULTS
The DEXA-treated groups showed distorted architectures of neurons in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus and cerebellar cortex at postnatal days 1 and 10 with an increased number of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)-positive cells. The cerebellar cortex in the DEXA-treated groups showed delayed development with more PCNA-positive cells in the internal granular cell layer. The Purkinje cells showed a markedly decreased number and the decreased length of the dendritic processes. The GDNF positive reaction was decreased in the DEXA-treated groups in a dose-dependent manner.
CONCLUSIONS
The developmental changes and neuronal degeneration at postnatal days 1 and 10 in the newborn rats that were exposed to DEXA at the late gestational age were associated with increased proliferative activity and a decreased level of GDNF protein expression.

nm23 Protein Immunohistochemical Expression in Colorectal Carcinoma and its Relationship with Other Prognostic Factors.: Shi Nae Lee, Heasoo Koo, Woon Sup Han; Korean J Pathol. 1998;32(6):413-419.

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Abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine the immunohistochemical expression of nm23-H1, a putative metastatic suppressor gene, and to correlate its expression with clinicopathologic variables in 75 cases of surgically resected colorectal carcinomas. There appeared to be a trend between increasing relative nm23 protein expression and Dukes' stage, vessel invasion, and metastasis of lymph nodes. nm23 was expressed in 67 cases (89.3%) and increased in cases with lower Dukes' stage (P<0.05) and in cases without vessel invasion (P<0.01) or lymph node metastasis (P<0.01). No significant relationship was observed between the nm23 protein expression and other parameters, such as tumor size, location and differentiation of the tumor. The results suggest that the nm23 protein expression plays a role in the suppression of nodal metastasis and vessel invasion in colorectal carcinomas.

The Effects of Excitatory Amino Acids and Their Receptors on Neuronal Damage of Rat Brain in Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy.: Heasoo Koo; Korean J Pathol. 1995;29(5):545-562.

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Abstract: Since the role of excitatory amino acids such as glutamate and aspartate and their receptors mediating cellular injury through various mechanisms were known in hypoxic-ischemic injury and associated diseases of central nervous system, blocking agents for transmitter release or receptors have been tried to reduce the cellular damages and subsequent sequelae experimentally. Several in vitro studies suggested two kinds of glutamate neurotoxicity: (1) rapid toxicity due to influx of sodium or chloride with resultant cellular edema and consequent damage, which is associated with N-methyl-D-Aspartate(NMDA) as well as non-NMDA receptors, (2) calcium mediated delayed toxicity associated mainly with NMDA receptor. This study was conducted to investigate the role of rapid toxicity in hypoxic-ischemic injury. Early lesions of 30 minutes to 24 hours after hypoxic-ischemic insult were examined by autoradiography with radiolabelled glutamate and kainitic acid (KA) as well as light and electron microscopy. Late changes were evaluated on formaldehyde-acetic acid-methanol(FAM) fixed brain 1 week after the insult. Cornus ammonis(CA) l of hippocampus showed the highest density of NMDA receptors, which was decreased constantly from 2 hours to 24 hours. In contrast, CA3 of hippocampus showed the highest density of KA receptors, which was the lowest at 6 hour and increased thereafter. Light microscopic examination showed the worst changes during 30 minutes to 6 hours. After 1 week, most of the cases showed degeneration of neurons and CAI and CA3 did not show the difference. Electron microscopic examination showed marked degenerative changes of neurons as well as neuropils starting from 30 minutes after the insult. In conclusion, rapid toxicity mediated by non-NMDA(KA) receptor seen in CA3 lead to permanent damage in 1 week old lesion.

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